how to make simple telescope

how to make simple telescope

 

A telescope "telescope" is an instrument designed for the observation of remote objects

Telescopes work by employing one or more curved optical elements - lenses or mirrors - to gather light or other electromagnetic radiation and bring that light or radiation to a focus, where the image can be observed, photographed or studied

 

The main purpose of a telescope is to gather light, ie to collect and focus photons

Items Needed

  

Cardboard Tubes

Glue
Convex Telescope Lens
Concave Telescope Lens
Cardboard/ Styrofoam

 
Instructions 

First of all, you need to go to the market and get two lenses, a large convex one and a small concave one

Next, you will be required to get two cardboard tubes of different sizes, such that one of them easily slides inside the other

Hold the larger lens in front of the smaller lens and by looking through them; try to figure out the distance at which both should be placed. It is the distance at which you are able to focus on an object in the distance

Now, double the distance that you have measured between the lenses. The length of the two cardboard tubes should be equal to this distance

Take the larger lens and making use of hot glue, attach it on one end of the wider tube.
Next, get hold of the smaller lens and with the help of hot glue, attach it to the opening of the smaller tube

Using cardboard, build a gasket. In case the tube opening is larger than the lens, you can use Styrofoam for the same

Finally, make sure that the lenses line up with each other. The centers of the lenses should be in the centers of the tubes and they should be parallel with each other

Your simple telescope is ready

and this is a video to illustrate how to make the telescope

how it works

Refracting telescopes depend on one amazing fact. As light passes through glass, it slows down. Slowing down a light beam makes it bend. Why? Imagine you’re pulling a wagon along a sidewalk, when the wheels on one side slip off into the grass. The wheels turn slower in the grass than they do on the sidewalk, and the wagon moves toward the grass. In the same way, when a light beam passes through a glass lens inside a telescope, it moves toward the lens. When the light beam comes out the other side, it’s bent

Because the light beams cross, the image ends up upside-down. This doesn’t matter much when you’re looking at Mars or the Moon (remember there’s no real up or down in space), but refracting telescopes used to see objects here on Earth often have another set of lenses to flip the image right-side up again

Refracting telescopes are simpler than reflecting telescopes, but they have an important limitation. Remember that the light passing through the glass lens gets bent. It turns out that different colours are bent different amounts, and that causes the light to become unfocused. Isaac Newton solved this problem by replacing the lenses with mirrors

When light hits a mirror, it doesn’t bend. Instead, it bounces off. Just like a ball bouncing off a wall, a light beam comes off a mirror the same way it comes in. In other words, the angle in equals the angle out. And that rule is true for all the light, no matter its colour

 

The primary mirror in a reflecting telescope is curved just the right amount to bounce all the light onto the secondary mirror. From there, the light passes through the eyepiece lens, which bends the light into the eye

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